geodesic.h

/****************************************************************************
* VCGLib                                                            o o     *
* Visual and Computer Graphics Library                            o     o   *
*                                                                _   O  _   *
* Copyright(C) 2004-2016                                           \/)\/    *
* Visual Computing Lab                                            /\/|      *
* ISTI - Italian National Research Council                           |      *
*                                                                    \      *
* All rights reserved.                                                      *
*                                                                           *
* This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify      *
* it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by      *
* the Free Software Foundation; either version 2 of the License, or         *
* (at your option) any later version.                                       *
*                                                                           *
* This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,           *
* but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of            *
* MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the             *
* GNU General Public License (http://www.gnu.org/licenses/gpl.txt)          *
* for more details.                                                         *
*                                                                           *
****************************************************************************/
#include <vcg/simplex/face/pos.h>
#include <vcg/simplex/face/topology.h>
#include <vcg/complex/algorithms/update/quality.h>
#include <deque>
#include <functional>
#ifndef __VCGLIB_GEODESIC
#define __VCGLIB_GEODESIC

namespace vcg{
namespace tri{

template <class MeshType>
struct EuclideanDistance{
  typedef typename MeshType::VertexType VertexType;
  typedef typename MeshType::ScalarType  ScalarType;
  typedef typename MeshType::FacePointer FacePointer;

  EuclideanDistance(){}

  ScalarType operator()(const VertexType * v0, const VertexType * v1) const
  {return vcg::Distance(v0->cP(),v1->cP());}

  ScalarType operator()(const FacePointer f0, const FacePointer f1) const
  {return vcg::Distance(Barycenter(*f0),Barycenter(*f1));}
};


template <class MeshType>
class IsotropicDistance{
private:
  // The only member of this class. The attribute handle used to
  typename MeshType::template PerVertexAttributeHandle<float> wH;
public:
  typedef typename MeshType::VertexType VertexType;
  typedef typename MeshType::ScalarType  ScalarType;
  typedef typename MeshType::FacePointer FacePointer;


  IsotropicDistance(MeshType &m, float variance)
  {
    // the wH attribute store the scaling factor to be applied to the distance
    wH = tri::Allocator<MeshType>:: template GetPerVertexAttribute<float> (m,"distW");
    float qmin = 1.0f/variance;
    float qmax = variance;
    float qrange = qmax-qmin;
    std::pair<float,float> minmax = Stat<MeshType>::ComputePerVertexQualityMinMax(m);
    float range = minmax.second-minmax.first;
    for(size_t i=0;i<m.vert.size();++i)
      wH[i]=qmin+((m.vert[i].Q()-minmax.first)/range)*qrange;

//    qDebug("Range %f %f %f",minmax.first,minmax.second,range);
  }

  ScalarType operator()( VertexType * v0,  VertexType * v1)
  {
    float scale = (wH[v0]+wH[v1])/2.0f;
    return (1.0f/scale)*vcg::Distance(v0->cP(),v1->cP());
  }
};


template <class MeshType>
struct BasicCrossFunctor
{
  BasicCrossFunctor(MeshType &m) { tri::RequirePerVertexCurvatureDir(m); }
  typedef typename MeshType::VertexType VertexType;

  typename MeshType::CoordType D1(VertexType &v) { return v.PD1(); }
  typename MeshType::CoordType D2(VertexType &v) { return v.PD2(); }
};

template <class MeshType>
class AnisotropicDistance{
  typedef typename MeshType::VertexType VertexType;
  typedef typename MeshType::ScalarType  ScalarType;
  typedef typename MeshType::CoordType  CoordType;
  typedef typename MeshType::VertexIterator VertexIterator;

  typename MeshType::template PerVertexAttributeHandle<CoordType> wxH,wyH;
public:
  template <class CrossFunctor > AnisotropicDistance(MeshType &m, CrossFunctor &cf)
  {
    wxH = tri::Allocator<MeshType>:: template GetPerVertexAttribute<CoordType> (m,"distDirX");
    wyH = tri::Allocator<MeshType>:: template GetPerVertexAttribute<CoordType> (m,"distDirY");

    for(VertexIterator vi=m.vert.begin();vi!=m.vert.end();++vi)
    {
      wxH[vi]=cf.D1(*vi);
      wyH[vi]=cf.D2(*vi);
    }
   }

  ScalarType operator()( VertexType * v0,  VertexType * v1)
  {
    CoordType dd = v0->cP()-v1->cP();
    float x = (fabs(dd * wxH[v0])+fabs(dd *wxH[v1]))/2.0f;
    float y = (fabs(dd * wyH[v0])+fabs(dd *wyH[v1]))/2.0f;

    return sqrt(x*x+y*y);
  }
};










template <class MeshType>
class Geodesic{

public:

  typedef typename MeshType::VertexType VertexType;
  typedef typename MeshType::VertexIterator VertexIterator;
  typedef typename MeshType::VertexPointer VertexPointer;
  typedef typename MeshType::FacePointer FacePointer;
  typedef typename MeshType::FaceType  FaceType;
  typedef typename MeshType::CoordType  CoordType;
  typedef typename MeshType::ScalarType  ScalarType;



/* Auxiliary class for keeping the heap of vertices to visit and their estimated distance */
  struct VertDist{
    VertDist(){}
    VertDist(VertexPointer _v, ScalarType _d):v(_v),d(_d){}

    VertexPointer v;
    ScalarType d;
  };


  struct DIJKDist{
    DIJKDist(VertexPointer _v):v(_v){}
    VertexPointer v;

    bool operator < (const DIJKDist &o) const
    {
      if( v->Q() != o.v->Q())
        return v->Q() > o.v->Q();
      return v<o.v;
    }
   };

  /* Auxiliary class for keeping the heap of vertices to visit and their estimated distance */
    struct FaceDist{
      FaceDist(FacePointer _f):f(_f){}
      FacePointer f;
      bool operator < (const FaceDist &o) const
      {
        if( f->Q() != o.f->Q())
          return f->Q() > o.f->Q();
        return f<o.f;
      }
    };

  /* Temporary data to associate to all the vertices: estimated distance and boolean flag */
  struct TempData{
    TempData(){}
    TempData(const ScalarType & _d):d(_d),source(0),parent(0){}

    ScalarType d;
    VertexPointer source;//closest source
    VertexPointer parent;
  };

  typedef SimpleTempData<std::vector<VertexType>, TempData >  TempDataType;


  struct pred: public std::binary_function<VertDist,VertDist,bool>{
    pred(){}
    bool operator()(const VertDist& v0, const VertDist& v1) const
    {return (v0.d > v1.d);}
  };

  /*
   *
  curr:   vertex for which distance should be estimated
  d_pw1:  distance of pw1 from the source
  d_curr: distance of curr from the source

The function estimates the distance of pw from the source
in the assumption the mesh is developable (and without holes)
along the path, so that (source,pw1,curr) from a triangle.
All the math is to comput the angles at pw1 and curr with the Erone formula.

The if cases take care of the cases where the angles are obtuse.

              curr
      d_pw1    +
               |      +pw
source+        |
        d_curr +
              pw1

   */
  template <class DistanceFunctor>
  static ScalarType Distance(DistanceFunctor &distFunc,
                             const VertexPointer &pw,
                             const VertexPointer &pw1,
                             const VertexPointer &curr,
                             const ScalarType &d_pw1,
                             const ScalarType &d_curr)
  {
    ScalarType curr_d=0;

    ScalarType ew_c  = distFunc(pw,curr);
    ScalarType ew_w1 = distFunc(pw,pw1);
    ScalarType ec_w1 = distFunc(pw1,curr);
    CoordType w_c =  (pw->cP()-curr->cP()).Normalize() * ew_c;
    CoordType w_w1 = (pw->cP() - pw1->cP()).Normalize() * ew_w1;
    CoordType w1_c =  (pw1->cP() - curr->cP()).Normalize() * ec_w1;

    ScalarType  alpha,alpha_, beta,beta_,theta,h,delta,s,a,b;

    alpha = acos((w_c.dot(w1_c))/(ew_c*ec_w1));
    s = (d_curr + d_pw1+ec_w1)/2;
    a = s/ec_w1;
    b = a*s;
    alpha_ = 2*acos ( std::min<ScalarType>(1.0,sqrt(  (b- a* d_pw1)/d_curr)));

    if ( alpha+alpha_ > M_PI){
      curr_d = d_curr + ew_c;
    }else
    {
      beta_ = 2*acos ( std::min<ScalarType>(1.0,sqrt(  (b- a* d_curr)/d_pw1)));
      beta  = acos((w_w1).dot(-w1_c)/(ew_w1*ec_w1));

      if ( beta+beta_ > M_PI)
        curr_d = d_pw1  + ew_w1;
      else
      {
        theta   = ScalarType(M_PI)-alpha-alpha_;
        delta   = cos(theta)* ew_c;
        h               = sin(theta)* ew_c;
        curr_d = sqrt( pow(h,2)+ pow(d_curr + delta,2));
      }
    }
    return (curr_d);
  }




/*
This is the low level version of the geodesic computation framework.
Starting from the seeds, it assign a distance value to each vertex. The distance of a vertex is its
approximated geodesic distance to the closest seeds.
This is function is not meant to be called (although is not prevented). Instead, it is invoked by
wrapping function.
*/

  template <class DistanceFunctor>
  static  VertexPointer Visit(
      MeshType & m,
      std::vector<VertDist> & seedVec, // the set of seeds to start from
      DistanceFunctor &distFunc,
      ScalarType distance_threshold  = std::numeric_limits<ScalarType>::max(),                    // cut off distance (do no compute anything farther than this value)
      typename MeshType::template PerVertexAttributeHandle<VertexPointer> * vertSource = NULL,    // if present we put in this attribute the closest source for each vertex
      typename MeshType::template PerVertexAttributeHandle<VertexPointer> * vertParent = NULL,    // if present we put in this attribute the parent in the path that goes from the vertex to the closest source
      std::vector<VertexPointer> *InInterval=NULL)
  {
    VertexPointer farthest=0;
//    int t0=clock();
    //Requirements
    tri::RequireVFAdjacency(m);
    tri::RequirePerVertexQuality(m);

    assert(!seedVec.empty());

    TempDataType TD(m.vert, std::numeric_limits<ScalarType>::max());

    // initialize Heap
    std::vector<VertDist> frontierHeap;
    typename std::vector <VertDist >::iterator ifr;
    for(ifr = seedVec.begin(); ifr != seedVec.end(); ++ifr){
      TD[(*ifr).v].d = (*ifr).d;
      TD[(*ifr).v].source  = (*ifr).v;
      TD[(*ifr).v].parent  = (*ifr).v;
      frontierHeap.push_back(*ifr);
    }
    make_heap(frontierHeap.begin(),frontierHeap.end(),pred());

    ScalarType curr_d,d_curr = 0.0,d_heap;
    ScalarType max_distance=0.0;
//    int t1=clock();
    while(!frontierHeap.empty() && max_distance < distance_threshold)
    {
      pop_heap(frontierHeap.begin(),frontierHeap.end(),pred());
      VertexPointer curr = (frontierHeap.back()).v;
      if (InInterval!=NULL) InInterval->push_back(curr);

      if(vertSource!=NULL)  (*vertSource)[curr] = TD[curr].source;
      if(vertParent!=NULL)  (*vertParent)[curr] = TD[curr].parent;

      d_heap = (frontierHeap.back()).d;
      frontierHeap.pop_back();

      assert(TD[curr].d <= d_heap);
      if(TD[curr].d < d_heap ) // a vertex whose distance has been improved after it was inserted in the queue
        continue;
      assert(TD[curr].d == d_heap);

      d_curr =  TD[curr].d;

      for(face::VFIterator<FaceType>  vfi(curr) ; vfi.f!=0; ++vfi )
      {
        for(int k=0;k<2;++k)
        {
          VertexPointer pw,pw1;
          if(k==0) {
            pw = vfi.f->V1(vfi.z);
            pw1= vfi.f->V2(vfi.z);
          }
          else {
            pw = vfi.f->V2(vfi.z);
            pw1= vfi.f->V1(vfi.z);
          }

          const ScalarType & d_pw1  =  TD[pw1].d;
          {
            const ScalarType inter  = distFunc(curr,pw1);//(curr->P() - pw1->P()).Norm();
            const ScalarType tol = (inter + d_curr + d_pw1)*.0001f;

            if (        (TD[pw1].source != TD[curr].source)||// not the same source
                    (inter + d_curr < d_pw1  +tol   ) ||
                    (inter + d_pw1  < d_curr +tol  ) ||
                    (d_curr + d_pw1  < inter +tol  )   // triangular inequality
                    )
              curr_d = d_curr + distFunc(pw,curr);//(pw->P()-curr->P()).Norm();
            else
              curr_d = Distance(distFunc,pw,pw1,curr,d_pw1,d_curr);
          }

          if(TD[pw].d > curr_d){
            TD[pw].d = curr_d;
            TD[pw].source = TD[curr].source;
            TD[pw].parent = curr;
            frontierHeap.push_back(VertDist(pw,curr_d));
            push_heap(frontierHeap.begin(),frontierHeap.end(),pred());
          }
//          if(isLeaf){
            if(d_curr > max_distance){
              max_distance = d_curr;
              farthest = curr;
            }
//          }
        }
      } // end for VFIterator
    }// end while
//    int t2=clock();

    // Copy found distance onto the Quality (\todo parametric!)
    if (InInterval==NULL)
    {
      for(VertexIterator vi = m.vert.begin(); vi != m.vert.end(); ++vi) if(!(*vi).IsD())
        (*vi).Q() =  TD[&(*vi)].d;
    }
    else
    {
      assert(InInterval->size()>0);
      for(size_t i=0;i<InInterval->size();i++)
        (*InInterval)[i]->Q() =  TD[(*InInterval)[i]].d;
    }
//    int t3=clock();
//    printf("Init  %6.3f\nVisit %6.3f\nFinal %6.3f\n",float(t1-t0)/CLOCKS_PER_SEC,float(t2-t1)/CLOCKS_PER_SEC,float(t3-t2)/CLOCKS_PER_SEC);
    return farthest;
  }

public:
  static bool Compute( MeshType & m,
                       const std::vector<VertexPointer> & seedVec)
  {
    EuclideanDistance<MeshType> dd;
    return Compute(m,seedVec,dd);
  }

  template <class DistanceFunctor>
  static bool Compute( MeshType & m,
                       const std::vector<VertexPointer> & seedVec,
                       DistanceFunctor &distFunc,
                       ScalarType maxDistanceThr  = std::numeric_limits<ScalarType>::max(),
                       std::vector<VertexPointer> *withinDistanceVec=NULL,
                       typename MeshType::template PerVertexAttributeHandle<VertexPointer> * sourceSeed = NULL,
                       typename MeshType::template PerVertexAttributeHandle<VertexPointer> * parentSeed = NULL
                       )
  {
    if(seedVec.empty()) return false;
    std::vector<VertDist> vdSeedVec;
    typename std::vector<VertexPointer>::const_iterator fi;
    for( fi  = seedVec.begin(); fi != seedVec.end() ; ++fi)
        vdSeedVec.push_back(VertDist(*fi,0.0));
    Visit(m, vdSeedVec, distFunc, maxDistanceThr, sourceSeed, parentSeed, withinDistanceVec);
    return true;
  }

  /* \brief Assigns to each vertex of the mesh its distance to the closest vertex on the boundary

It is just a simple wrapper of the basic Compute()

            Note: update the field Q() of the vertices
            Note: it needs the border bit set.
            */
  static bool DistanceFromBorder(       MeshType & m, typename MeshType::template PerVertexAttributeHandle<VertexPointer> * sources = NULL)
  {
    std::vector<VertexPointer> fro;
    for(VertexIterator vi = m.vert.begin(); vi != m.vert.end(); ++vi)
      if( (*vi).IsB())
        fro.push_back(&(*vi));
    if(fro.empty()) return false;
    EuclideanDistance<MeshType> dd;
    tri::UpdateQuality<MeshType>::VertexConstant(m,0);
    return Compute(m,fro,dd,std::numeric_limits<ScalarType>::max(),0,sources);
  }


  static bool ConvertPerVertexSeedToPerFaceSeed(MeshType &m, const std::vector<VertexPointer> &vertexSeedVec,
                                                 std::vector<FacePointer> &faceSeedVec)
  {
    tri::RequireVFAdjacency(m);
    tri::RequirePerFaceMark(m);

    faceSeedVec.clear();
    tri::UnMarkAll(m);
    for(size_t i=0;i<vertexSeedVec.size();++i)
    {
      for(face::VFIterator<FaceType> vfi(vertexSeedVec[i]);!vfi.End();++vfi)
      {
        if(tri::IsMarked(m,vfi.F())) return false;
        faceSeedVec.push_back(vfi.F());
        tri::Mark(m,vfi.F());
      }
    }
    return true;
  }

  static inline std::string sourcesAttributeName(void) { return "sources"; }
  static inline std::string parentsAttributeName(void) { return "parent"; }

  template <class DistanceFunctor>
  static void PerFaceDijkstraCompute(MeshType &m, const std::vector<FacePointer> &seedVec,
                                     DistanceFunctor &distFunc,
                                     ScalarType maxDistanceThr  = std::numeric_limits<ScalarType>::max(),
                                     std::vector<FacePointer> *InInterval=NULL,
                                     FacePointer FaceTarget=NULL,
                                     bool avoid_selected=false)
  {
    tri::RequireFFAdjacency(m);
    tri::RequirePerFaceMark(m);
    tri::RequirePerFaceQuality(m);

    typename MeshType::template PerFaceAttributeHandle<FacePointer> sourceHandle
        = tri::Allocator<MeshType>::template GetPerFaceAttribute<FacePointer>(m, sourcesAttributeName());

    typename MeshType::template PerFaceAttributeHandle<FacePointer> parentHandle
        = tri::Allocator<MeshType>::template GetPerFaceAttribute<FacePointer>(m, parentsAttributeName());

    std::vector<FaceDist> Heap;
    tri::UnMarkAll(m);
    for(size_t i=0;i<seedVec.size();++i)
    {
      tri::Mark(m,seedVec[i]);
      seedVec[i]->Q()=0;
      sourceHandle[seedVec[i]]=seedVec[i];
      parentHandle[seedVec[i]]=seedVec[i];
      Heap.push_back(FaceDist(seedVec[i]));
      if (InInterval!=NULL) InInterval->push_back(seedVec[i]);
    }

    std::make_heap(Heap.begin(),Heap.end());
    while(!Heap.empty())
    {
      pop_heap(Heap.begin(),Heap.end());
      FacePointer curr = (Heap.back()).f;
      if ((FaceTarget!=NULL)&&(curr==FaceTarget))return;
      Heap.pop_back();

      for(int i=0;i<3;++i)
      {
        if(!face::IsBorder(*curr,i) )
        {
          FacePointer nextF = curr->FFp(i);
          ScalarType nextDist = curr->Q() + distFunc(curr,nextF);
          if( (nextDist < maxDistanceThr) &&
              (!tri::IsMarked(m,nextF) ||  nextDist < nextF->Q()) )
          {
            nextF->Q() = nextDist;
            if ((avoid_selected)&&(nextF->IsS()))continue;
            tri::Mark(m,nextF);
            Heap.push_back(FaceDist(nextF));
            push_heap(Heap.begin(),Heap.end());
            if (InInterval!=NULL) InInterval->push_back(nextF);
            sourceHandle[nextF] = sourceHandle[curr];
            parentHandle[nextF] = curr;
//            printf("Heapsize %i nextDist = %f curr face %i next face %i \n",Heap.size(), nextDist, tri::Index(m,curr), tri::Index(m,nextF));
          }
        }
      }
    }
  }




  template <class DistanceFunctor>
  static void PerVertexDijkstraCompute(MeshType &m, const std::vector<VertexPointer> &seedVec,
                                       DistanceFunctor &distFunc,
                                     ScalarType maxDistanceThr  = std::numeric_limits<ScalarType>::max(),
                                     std::vector<VertexPointer> *InInterval=NULL,
                                     typename MeshType::template PerVertexAttributeHandle<VertexPointer> * sourceHandle= NULL,
                                     typename MeshType::template PerVertexAttributeHandle<VertexPointer> * parentHandle=NULL,
                                     bool avoid_selected=false,
                                     VertexPointer target=NULL)
  {
    tri::RequireVFAdjacency(m);
    tri::RequirePerVertexMark(m);
    tri::RequirePerVertexQuality(m);

//    typename MeshType::template PerVertexAttributeHandle<VertexPointer> sourceHandle
//        = tri::Allocator<MeshType>::template GetPerVertexAttribute<VertexPointer>(m, sourcesAttributeName());

//    typename MeshType::template PerVertexAttributeHandle<VertexPointer> parentHandle
//        = tri::Allocator<MeshType>::template GetPerVertexAttribute<VertexPointer> (m, parentsAttributeName());

    std::vector<DIJKDist> Heap;
    tri::UnMarkAll(m);

    for(size_t i=0;i<seedVec.size();++i)
    {
      assert(!tri::IsMarked(m,seedVec[i]));
      tri::Mark(m,seedVec[i]);
      seedVec[i]->Q()=0;
      if (sourceHandle!=NULL)
      (*sourceHandle)[seedVec[i]]=seedVec[i];
      if (parentHandle!=NULL)
      (*parentHandle)[seedVec[i]]=seedVec[i];
      Heap.push_back(DIJKDist(seedVec[i]));
      if (InInterval!=NULL) InInterval->push_back(seedVec[i]);
    }

    std::make_heap(Heap.begin(),Heap.end());
    while(!Heap.empty())
    {
      pop_heap(Heap.begin(),Heap.end());
      VertexPointer curr = (Heap.back()).v;
      if ((target!=NULL)&&(target==curr))return;
      Heap.pop_back();
      std::vector<VertexPointer> vertVec;
      face::VVStarVF<FaceType>(curr,vertVec);
      for(size_t i=0;i<vertVec.size();++i)
      {
        VertexPointer nextV = vertVec[i];
        if ((avoid_selected)&&(nextV->IsS()))continue;
        ScalarType nextDist = curr->Q() + distFunc(curr,nextV);
        if( (nextDist < maxDistanceThr) &&
            (!tri::IsMarked(m,nextV) ||  nextDist < nextV->Q()) )
        {
          nextV->Q() = nextDist;
          tri::Mark(m,nextV);
          Heap.push_back(DIJKDist(nextV));
          push_heap(Heap.begin(),Heap.end());
          if (InInterval!=NULL) InInterval->push_back(nextV);
          if (sourceHandle!=NULL)
          (*sourceHandle)[nextV] = (*sourceHandle)[curr];
          if (parentHandle!=NULL)
          (*parentHandle)[nextV] = curr;
//          printf("Heapsize %i nextDist = %f curr vert %i next vert %i \n",Heap.size(), nextDist, tri::Index(m,curr), tri::Index(m,nextV));
        }
      }
    }
  }


};// end class
}// end namespace tri
}// end namespace vcg
#endif